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The New York Times in high stakes plans to charge online. Draconian, desperate or inspired?

New York Times to charge for online access from 2011. Photo: Andy Soloman

Has the bullet been bitten? Or is the bullet winging its way to the heart of its mark?

The announcement by top US newspaper, The New York Times, that starting January 2011 it will charge frequent users of its website has either been heralded by underfire newspaper execs, or derided as a desperate measure that will hasten the venerable institution’s demise.

The NYT‘s David Carr, in the Times’ Media Decoder blog, said the move represented a hedge.

People who remain reflexively bullish on free [content] ignore the fact that the clock is ticking on many of the legacy businesses that produce that content. The new approach is an effort to replace that ticking clock with a meter, and its success is not assured but to sit still would be dumb.

It is not the job of The New York Times or any other mainstream media company to give away its content until it can no longer afford to do so.

The charging plans appear fairly draconian. From next January visitors will be able to view a few articles free each month, but step over the threshold and they will be required to pay a flat fee for unlimited access. Subscribers to the daily or Sunday print editions will continue to receive full access.

The NYT has yet to say how much it intends to charge, or how many articles will remain free each month.

Newspapers have been grappling with plummeting circulations and advertising revenues. Readers have increasingly turned away from being brand loyal to being increasingly varied in choosing how they access their general news. The Internet, RSS feeds or news aggregators are able to through up numerous sources to information on any particular news story.

Yes, gathering news is an expensive business, but increasingly readers have been opting for free services to keep up with developments. As circulations decline, so advertisers look elsewhere. It’s worth noting that the the New York Times Company, which also includes the International Herald Tribune and 15 other daily newspapers, saw advertising revenue plunge 30% in the first nine months of 2009.

No doubt, this is a brave move by the NYT, but with technology, reader behaviour and news sources exploding by the month (think Twitter and other social networks, think of the boom in citizen journalism, and think cost) it is hard to see whether come next January the NYT is part of a crowd rushing to harvest online dollars or whether it finds itself back tracking as the “loyal” online  readers it wants to monetise dessert it for somewhere else.

As Reuters media reporter Felix Salmon wrote (and which was reported in the NYT):

Successful media companies go after audience first, and then watch revenues follow; failing ones alienate their audience in an attempt to maximize short-term revenues.”

So, is the NYT going to charge into battle only to find its followers have quietly disappeared? Will its brazen war cry fade into a garbled mumble? Or has it struck gold? My take is that it is not enough for legacy newspaper businesses to think they can easily transfer the model into a successful online business. They need to find ways to serve up the exclusive essential information that people will be willing to pay for.

This isn’t the first time the NYT has charged for acces. Back in the 1990s it charged overseas readers and then again a few years ago it tried another scheme to charge poeple for reading the op-ed columns. Both failed to gain any significant traction and were dropped.

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News International confirms banning NewsNow crawlers from linking

Rupert Murdoch, Chairman and Chief Executive O...

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Following on from my earlier post that The Times Online had barred aggregator NewsNow.co.uk from crawling its website, it seems News International as a whole has the bit firmly between its teeth and has also banned the linking service from crawling any of its newspaper sites including including The Sun Online and the News of the World.

The Guardian reported News International as saying:

“We’ve been in communication with NewsNow for several months. We asked them to remove our content repeatedly from their indexing,” said a News International spokesperson. “Now, we will update our files accordingly for all our titles.”

“NewsNow has been using Times Online content as part of its paid-for, commercial as well as free services. They have continued to do so despite our direct requests for them to stop. As a result, we have taken the decision to disallow their indexing of our content,” the company said in a statement.

“News International makes a significant investment in journalism and we believe that it is entirely appropriate for us to ask that our rights are respected. NewsNow has acknowledged that they require our permission to use our content and, in the absence of our permission, has ceased to do so.

News International owner Rupert Murdoch and other media organisations, including UK newspapers and the Associated Press (AP), accuse NewsNow and other news aggregators such as Google and Microsoft, of being parasites and insist they should pay for access to news content. While Google quietly stopped indexing AP news shortly before Christmas, the News International action represents the first live bullets in what is destined to be a significant battle over the right to link and the basic building blocks of the Internet‘s interconnected world.

For the moment NewsNow seems to have been singled out. From where I sit, I wonder whether the relatively small UK-based operation represents a soft target for a posturing Mr Murdoch as he tries to find ways to bolster declining circulation and revenues at his major titles?

The really big target would be Google, but here the trade off between losing the opportunity to monetise traffic driven by the search giant while trying to unilaterally build online revenue from brand loyal readers sounds a little trickier. Is this a case of wanting it both ways, or will Murdoch eventually put his money where his mouth is and try and hold back the tide of internet traffic by hitting the big boys?

Come on chaps, play the game. The financial woes afflicting newspapers and their general inability to generate meaningful online revenues are not the fault of third party aggregators, who afterall, are driving traffic to their websites. The challenge here is to adapt and develop new business models that can thrive in a new digital world. Yes, it is not cheap to produce original news, but unfortunately it is not a rare commodity. Newspapers needs to find ways to engage with ther communities, not cast themselves adrift.

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NewsNow blocked by The Times, faces new restrictions in right to link

The battle of the aggregators and news providers deepened today, with UK service NewsNow.co.uk saying News International had barred it from being able to link to any content on Times Online.

The increasingly bitter confrontation over the right to link to freely available news content threatens to set precedents that fly in the face of the natural development of the Internet and the the World Wide Web where growth thrives on the easy exchange of information in an increasingly connected world.

News International owner Rupert Murdoch has had a real beef with news aggregators — including Google and Microsoft. They are, he says, parasites that steal premium content beyond what would be governed by fair use. NewsNow has been facing a concerted action from the major UK newspapers that want to stop commercial content aggregators linking to their news. Against this back drop are tumbling print newspaper revenues and titles struggling to monetise their content online.

Struan Bartlett, Managing Director and Chairman of NewsNow says his service has been singled out

“It is lamentable that News International has chosen to request we stop linking to their content and providing in-bound traffic and potential subscribers to the Times Online and right now it looks as though NewsNow has been singled out.

We note that no other major search engine has been blocked by NI in this manner. NewsNow is not fundamentally different to other news search engines that are part of the Internet infrastructure, such as Google News and Yahoo. Why block us and not them?”

At the end of last year, the UK national newspaper copyright body the Newspaper Licensing Agency (NLA), imposed a scheme that introduced the requirement to obtain permission and pay fees to circulate links to freely available web pages. The scheme has been referred to the Copyright Tribunal. NewsNow stopped offering links to UK newspapers as part of its premium subscription services, but continued to offer links in its free services.

My view is clear on this issue. Yes, online revenue comes from having content, but also, most importantly, generating as much traffic as possible. To use a simple analogy, if a road is blocked off traffic does not drive down to have a look, but instead seeks an alternate route to get to its destination. If newspapers are struggling to build online models that deliver healthly dollops of cash from general news content, the one thing they must do is look for ways to monetise traffic.

For the cynics among you, here is The Times online singing the praises of NewsNow in 2006.

NewsNow is also behind the Right2Link campaign.

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Associated Press lays off news staff as cost cutting hits home

The Associated Press Building in New York City...
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The Associated Press has laid off “dozens” of news staff as part of the agency‘s bid to reduce staffing costs by 10% this year.

The moves come as the 163-year-old cooperative wire agency has grappled with falling revenues, mutiny from its members and well-publicised battles against search engines and aggregators that it accuses of making money off the back of its services.

While US news media was buzzing yesterday as first word of the cuts began to filter out, the AP — which prides itself on fast breaking news — was itself uncharacteristically slow in reporting what was happening.

When it eventually came, the AP story didn’t say how many staff were being laid off, but the News Media Guild, which represents around 1,300 employees in the US, said as of Tuesday evening 38 Guild-covered reporters, editors and photographers had been told they were no longer required. It dubbed the day “Black Tuesday”.

AP said its cost cutting goal was set late last year as it prepared to lower fees for newspapers and broadcasters that had been hit by recession and the shift of advertising to the Internet.

The AP story said:

AP’s revenue is expected to fall about 6 percent this year to roughly $700 million.

Hoping to minimize layoffs, the AP imposed a hiring freeze late last year and offered early retirement packages to longtime employees over the summer. About 100 opted for those packages.

It’s been a tough year for the news business in the United States. Newspaper circulation across the country plunged by an average 10.6% in the six months to 30 September, while earlier this month the struggling Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times and other Tribune Co newspapers planned to do an AP cold turkey for a week as part of a test to see if all ties with the news agency can be severed next year.

The AP has promised members rate reductions averaging around 20%, but with its content perceived to be increasingly less relevant and the costs for the service harder to sustain, many question what the future holds for the news agency.

AP supremeo Tom Curley has been aggressively fighting (alongside Rupert Murdoch) giant news search services such as Google and Microsoft saying they should be made to pay for AP content. Curley says sites such as Google have reaped a fortune off AP articles, photos and video without paying fair compensation.

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Murdoch’s News Corp cooking up a storm over plans to ban Google

Paywallman flies to newspaper rescue
Paywallman flies to newspaper rescue

And the drum keeps playing. It’s almost as if Rupert Murdoch believes that if the News Corp digital tribe keeps chanting the mantra that Google will be blocked from indexing their sites, the future of publishing and the wealth of publishers will be preserved.

On Friday, the Telegraph reported that Jon Miller, former AOL head and now News Corp’s chief digital officer, told the Monaco Media Forum that the News Corp door would soon be slammed shut on Google and his company would lead the media industry in a new direction.

“There is real tension surrounding the free versus pay debate,” Miller was quoted as saying. “It will play out in the next two years. We believe that the value of high quality content is not recognised online (by giving its away for free) so something needs to happen.”

Now, like him or loathe him, Murdoch is one of the greatest media moguls the world has seen. Over the years he has proved the naysayers wrong time after time. And what about now as the news publishing industry lurches ever deeper into crisis? Can pay barriers be thrown up with the expectation readers will remain loyal to brands and hand over cash to secure the privilege of continuing to consume News Corp content?

Not on your Nellie!

As I’ve mentioned previously, the actions of News Corp and other news publishers ignore the plain simple fact that reader behaviour is radically changing. Brand loyalty is fading, and having got used to free content online people are simply not prepared to pay for news and general information. Beyond refusals to pay lie the new worlds of social networks, aggregator services, citizen journalists and ordinary people just using technology to communicate in ways that only a few years ago were purely in the realms of science fiction.

At the heart of the online world sits the link economy. Links are what drag eyeballs from place to place. People increasingly follow through on recommendations from trusted sources including search engines, people they know, aggregators, or Twitter (which is becoming hugly important in setting readership consumption agendas). What people are doing less and less, is deliberately seeking out the view espoused by the old media brand.

The days of “Dear boy, don’t you know it was in The Times?” as a means of communicated worth, trust and accuracy are gone. Today, readers will look across a number of sources depending on what is served up to them. Increasingly, the reader also doesn’t want just a single view but a panorama of views across different credible or even biased sources.

Murdoch accuses news aggregators of being parasites and search engines of stealing premium content beyond what would be governed by fair use. It’s not just that he is concerned with the revenue value of their content being diminished, but there is a parallel discussion centred on the cost of gathering top notch news. It is a very expensive business to have foreign correspondents scattered around the world. The days of the bottomless expense accounts and bespoke Savile Row safari suits are long gone. As an ex-foreign correspondent myself with a great love of news, the argument over who will pay is one I grapple with.

But, as with the newspapers, we have to let the past be the past. If we accept that traditional publishers face declining revenues for the legacy business the challenge becomes how to open new revenue streams while looking to prioritise expenditure on generating premium content.

Nick Gregg, CEO of StrategyEye, succinctly captures the key issues in his paper “The Next Two Years of Publishing — Where it Needs to Move”.

“Large editorial journalist bases are expensive and out of tune with [the] new world,” he says. “A shift to a blend of ‘investigative’ writers and ‘curator’ writers is needed to reduce costs and deliver wider information in the succinct manner modern users expect.”
Editorial models need to be reinvented and technology needs to be harnessed to exploit new content opportunities. He fires a loud warning shot over the bows of RMS (Rupert Murdoch Ship) News Corp.
“…knee-jerk reactions are not the way forward. The current vogue for some publishers to say ‘let’s shift to paid subscription walls’ is potentially highly damaging except in certain niche content areas. Imposing subscription walls may generate some revenue from a small percentage of loyal readers. But it could kill a brand in the long run if the next generation of target audience simply never engages with its content.”

Back over at News Corp, Miller reckoned newspapers in the UK could survive after Google cold turkey.

“The traffic which comes in from Google brings a consumer who more often than not read one article and then leaves the site. That is the least valuable of traffic to us… the economic impact [of not having content indexed by Google] is not as great as you might think. You can survive without it,” the Telegraph quoted him as saying.

I have a feeling I will be frequently coming back to this topic . It would be lovely (from a newspaper viewpoint) if news stand sales could simply be replaced with online subscriptions or even micro sales. But considering where we are in the freemium world, this is about as likely as Murdoch being asked to turn out for England on the wing.

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Rupert Murdoch’s anti-aggregator stance undermined by his own titles

Rupert Murdoch: Just say no.
Rupert Murdoch: Just say no. (Photo: World Economic Forum)

Whoops. Has Rupert Murdoch been caught out deftly practicing what he has so rabidly been preaching against? While he has ranted about the “parasites” that are Google and other news aggregators that he accuses of “stealing” his content, it appears that his own sites have been quite happily indexing and aggregating content from third parties.

In a thoroughly fun, revealing and totally mischievous post by Techdirt it seems many of his own titles, including the flagship Wall Street Journal and sites owned by the ever-reactionary Fox News, are offering content aggregation services to their readers. Oops.

I’m not blaming the staff at these titles and websites for practicing what is, after all, perfectly acceptable and expected in the inter-connected modern Internet world, but Murdoch really should check his own house is in order before preaching hardship.

People in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones, Mr Murdoch.

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NewsNow aggregator says newspapers threaten injunction to stop linking

FireShot capture #038 - 'NewsNow_ The UK's #1 News Portal' - newsnow_co_uk_hNewsNow, the UK-based news aggregator service, now says several major newspaper publishers are threatening to seek a court  injunction to stop it posting links to their content.

In an “Free Linking Q&A”, the news aggregator says News International, publisher of The Sun, The Times and the News of the World, wants all linking to its content to be stopped. Others including The Guardian, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent, Daily Express plus regionals such as Johnston Press and Northcliffe Media are:

demanding money and intrusive control over how we conduct our business.

NewsNow, established in 1997, is the largest UK news aggregator with around 20% of the market, second only to Google.

Graphic: Hitwise

Graphic: Hitwise

It is unclear whether anything has changed since NewsNow first published its open letter last week, (NewsNow aggregator comes out fighting against newspaper threats) but what is clear is the service is beginning to feel the pinch.

And it is the pinch that the newspaper publishers are also feeling. Revenues for traditional print newspapers are tumbling. In the US, the latest newspaper ABCs showed that on average circulations fell more than 10% in the six months to 30 September. With publishers desperate to shore up revenue streams classic mistakes are being made.

Rather than embrace the opportunity of the new eyeballs the aggregators provide, they are seeking to monetise the links themselves. Now, there is no value in the links per se. There is value in the traffic they carry. It’s a bit like a train full of passengers. While the people are on the train they can be monetised — they buy tickets, drinks and food. But take away the rails and the train can’t move. If the train doesn’t move there will be no passengers, and no revenues. Come on publishers, think about this.

The struggle here is in creating innovative revenue replacement strategies and in delivering services that appeal to a new generation of customers that want to engage with their content in ways that print newspapers can never deliver. It is certain that in the future traditional print newspapers and their legacy business models will not be the key driver of cash. In order to generate revenue, newspapers will need to ensure they have online traffic, and for that they should be looking to seek ways of exploiting the free services offered by the link aggregators or search engines.

NewsNow says the key question here is not how much publishers want to be paid for the “right” to link to their content.

It’s about what deserves compensation. It’s the principle of publishers restricting and levying fees on link aggregation and link circulation we’re bothered about, and the long-term consequences for the web, freedom to link, freedom of expression and access to news, and our right to go about our lawful business without being threatened.

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Survey gives massive thumbs down to paid news & sports content

Oh dear, another week and another piece of research delivering much the same grim message. No surprises then when a sample of 2,ooo UK respondents overwhelming gave a thumbs down to paying for nearly all forms of online content including news and sports coverage.

Who will pay for news & views? Not the readers, it would appear
Who will pay for news & views? Not the readers, it would appear (via MediaWeek)

The study, by Lightspeed Research and commissioned by Global Web Index, gives traditional media executives yet more food for thought.

Aside from the 91% saying they would never pay for news the survey also hammered a nail into the coffin of those that thought deeper, richer content would have people reaching for their wallets with 90% saying “forget it” to paid-for analysis.

The findings will only serve to up the pressure on traditional publishers looking to redefine business models for the online world.

The issues here are controversial. Murdoch is looking to charge for access to some of his newspapers and TV channels, while other British newspapers are believed to have been putting pressure on news aggregators in a bid to grab revenues via the third economy — those that simply point the way to content provided by others.

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The Economics of Abundance – Where’s the money in a freemium world?

Short and pithy, but highly relevant video. Where’s the money in a freemium world? Useful introduction to the “Economics of Abundance” from Mike Masnick and the Techdirt team that promises to be the first in a series of three short films. Following on from my post yesterday about UK newspapers targeting aggregators such as NewsNow in bid to secure or protect traditional reader revenues, this is not only the future, it is now. Painful to some maybe, but ignore at your peril.

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NewsNow aggregator comes out fighting against newspaper threats

'NewsNow_ Journalism' - newsnow_co_uk_h_Current+Affairs_Journalism

In a move slammed by commentators as being akin to a herd of donkey’s suing the inventor of the wheel, a number of national UK newspapers have apparently been making legal threats to content aggregator service NewsNow.

What on earth is going on here? While details of the threats have yet to emerge, we know newspapers have been seeing their commercial prospects head south and we know that the key to ensuring future survival is to elusive generate online revenue streams. But what these newspapers seem to be doing is shooting a messenger and not addressing the roots of their problems.

NewsNow is a basic linking service. It is not stealing any content, purely enabling users to search on key words for links that then take people through to the source article. Links are at the heart of the web. They are what make things tick. They generate traffic while building relevancy for SEO purposes. As I was building the online premium subscription breaking news service ICIS news, I wanted to ensure we were on NewsNow. For me there is a clear correlation between free traffic, which in turn generates leads and which then can be converted into REVENUE.

In an open letter to UK national, regional and local newspapers, NewsNow chief Struan Bartlett said his company and other aggregators had received legal threats over the possible imposition of new controls on how aggregators can link to external websites.

Bartlett’s letter specifically named The Times, The Sun, The Guardian, Daily Mirror, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent and the Daily Express and said that publishers were misguided in thinking that aggregators could undermine newspapers.

We can’t speak for all aggregators but for our part at NewsNow, we don’t do anything that detracts from the value of your content. We don’t redistribute your web pages to anyone. We operate within the law, and we don’t do you any harm.

Far from it. We deliver you traffic and drive you revenues you otherwise wouldn’t have received. The idea that we are undermining your businesses is incorrect. It is fanciful to imagine that, if it weren’t for link aggregators, you would have more traffic or revenues. We provide a service that you do not: a means for readers to find your content more readily, via continuously updating links to a diversity of websites.

If newspapers persist in placing themselves in a firmly sealed box they will see traffic decline. People will not type in individual URLs. The reader today needs to have relevant content pushed to them. People are increasing less inclined to go out and pull content in the hope it is what they may want to see.

The problem here goes to the core of the paid versus free debate. News Corp’s Rupert Murdoch and Tom Curley, head of the Associated Press, have laid down the gauntlet to the major players like Google and Microsoft as part of their bids to ensure either the readers or the aggregators pay for the content they disseminate.

Bartlett said:

Links market your content to readers. Abolish them, and readers won’t all type in your homepage address. They will go elsewhere. We don’t believe we are alone in this view. Many website traffic managers, journalists and editors within your own organisations clearly share this view. We know, because they’ve told us directly that they strongly value our linking to your websites.

There can only be one loser in the Battle of the Links — the newspapers. Aggregators will simply look elsewhere for the content, and eyeballs will be dragged away with them. Brand loyalty is increasingly a thing of the past, especially when it comes to consuming news online. Nico Flores makes some good arguments in favour of the link economy on his blog On Demand Media.

We’ve seen what’s happened to the music industry as it utterly failed to innovate and drive new business models in the face of escalating free or illegal downloads, and now, it appears, newspapers and other news sources may be about to make the same mistakes. It is impossible for anyone to maintain monopoly over general information, and that is where the majority of “news” sits.

What is important is ensuring the traffic is driven down a preferred road and that the content provider is then able to engage directly with the reader to seek ways to monetise content that is carefully targetted and highly relevant to a specific user. The key here is all about embracing the future, not fighting it. Bows and arrows are no good against nuclear weapons.

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Y Combinator looking to fund great ideas in paid online content

Y Combinator logoUS-based venture firm Y Combinator is seeking the next great idea to drive new life into paid content and journalism as traditional newspapers and magazines die.

The hope is that new ideas will be generated to build paid-for content sites from the position of making money first, rather than supporting a particular form of journalism and then trying to figure out how to make money from it.

I’m making no comments here, just going to leave you to decide. The full wording of their appeal for start-ups delivering paid for content and quality journalism follows.

RFS 1: The Future of Journalism

Newspapers and magazines are in trouble. We think they will mostly die, because we think we know what will replace them, and it is too far from their current model for them to reach it in time.

And yet people still need at least some of what they do. You can’t have aggregators without content. So what will the content site of the future look like? And how will you make money from it? These questions turn out to be very closely related. Just as they were for print media, initially. The reason newspapers and magazines are dying is that what they do is no longer related to how they make money from it. In fact, most journalists probably don’t even realize that the definition of journalism they take for granted was not something that sprang fully-formed from the head of Zeus, but is rather a direct though somewhat atrophied consequence of a very successful 20th century business model.

What would a content site look like if you started from how to make money—as print media once did—instead of taking a particular form of journalism as a given and treating how to make money from it as an afterthought?

(The good news is, we think the writing will actually end up being better.)

Groups applying to work on this idea should include at least one person who can write well and rapidly about any topic, one or more programmers who are good at statistics, data mining, and making sites scale, and someone who’s reasonably competent at graphic design. These functions can of course be combined, and in fact it’s even better if they are. Ex-Googlers would be particularly well suited to this project.

All the details on how to apply for funding in winter 2010 can be found here. What ideas are out there?

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